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Altar for Celestial God Worship Ritual
태백산천제단 ( 太白山 天祭壇 )
Cheonjedan is the altar for celestial god worship rituals (cheonje). It is generally located on the summit or at the foot of a mountain, and built without a roof structure, on the grounds bordered with a circle of rocks and the altar to one side. Mt. Taebaek Cheonjedan, on the mountain’s summit, is a large-scale ancient altar constructed of natural rocks. In Joseon (1391-1910) and under Japanese occupation in the first half of the 20th century, the altar was also called Taebaekcheonwangdang (Shr
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Altar for Celestial God Worship Ritual
동해동호동천제단 ( 東海東湖洞天祭壇 )
Cheonjedan is the altar for celestial god worship rituals (cheonje). It is generally located on the summit or at the foot of a mountain, and built without a roof structure, on the grounds bordered with a circle of rocks and the altar to one side. Mt. Taebaek Cheonjedan, on the mountain’s summit, is a large-scale ancient altar constructed of natural rocks. In Joseon (1391-1910) and under Japanese occupation in the first half of the 20th century, the altar was also called Taebaekcheonwangdang (Shr
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Altar for Village Rituals
포제단 ( 酺祭坛 , Pojedan )
Pojedan is a term that refers to the altar and ritual venue for the Confucian village ritual poje, observed on Jeju Island. Generally there are three different types of pojedan: Altars are the most basic; stone walls were developed by the need to build a boundary between the ritual venue and secular spaces; and shrines are the most recent developments, owing to the increase in population and in the number of visitors, which called for a more comfortable shelter. Stone walls make up the most wide
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Ancient Celestial God Worship Rituals
영고 ( 迎鼓 )
Celestial god worship rituals in ancient times were farming or hunting rites aimed at offering prayers or thanks for a good harvest. In ancient kingdoms of the Korean peninsula, including Buyeo, Goguryeo, Dongye, and Samhan, annual celestial god worship rituals were held to express gratitude for the year’s harvest. Yeonggo, of Buyeo (18 B.C.E.-660), was a largescale state-organized event held over several days and participated in by people from around the country, with dancing and drinking, whic
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Ancient Celestial God Worship Rituals
무천 ( 舞天 )
Celestial god worship rituals in ancient times were farming or hunting rites aimed at offering prayers or thanks for a good harvest. In ancient kingdoms of the Korean peninsula, including Buyeo, Goguryeo, Dongye, and Samhan, annual celestial god worship rituals were held to express gratitude for the year’s harvest. Yeonggo, of Buyeo (18 B.C.E.-660), was a largescale state-organized event held over several days and participated in by people from around the country, with dancing and drinking, whic
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Ancient Celestial God Worship Rituals
동맹 ( 東盟 )
Celestial god worship rituals in ancient times were farming or hunting rites aimed at offering prayers or thanks for a good harvest. In ancient kingdoms of the Korean peninsula, including Buyeo, Goguryeo, Dongye, and Samhan, annual celestial god worship rituals were held to express gratitude for the year’s harvest. Yeonggo, of Buyeo (18 B.C.E.-660), was a largescale state-organized event held over several days and participated in by people from around the country, with dancing and drinking, whic
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Animal Sacrifice
희생제물 ( 犧牲祭物 , Huisaengjemul )
Huisaengjemul is the term for animal sacrifices offered to the gods in rituals. The origins of animal sacrifices in Korea date back far in history, with records of the practice in Buyeo (2nd century B.C.E.–494) of a ritual for the heavens held in times of war, which included the killing of a cow and making predictions about the outcome by reading its hoofs. The most primal form of sacrifice is known to be human sacrifice, which was replaced by animals over time, beginning with wild animals, whic
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Assembly of Village Representatives
대동회 ( 大同会 , Daedonghoe )
Daedonghoe is a group of village dignitaries and other representatives formed prior to a village tutelary ritual, or dong je, to discuss and decide the details of the ceremonies. Daedonghoe also refers to the meeting of this group, an important part of the village ritual, usually held on the morning after the ceremonies, with discussions taking place on issues of collective interest or action or social cooperation, regarding all areas of communal life including appointment of community officers,
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Boat Banner
뱃기 ( 船旗 , Baetgi )
Baetgi is a banner raised on a boat to pray for a big catch and safety on the boat. The banner generally comprises stripes of three or five colors and is called different names by region. Some banners serve simply as ornaments but most are religious, referred to as seonanggi, or guardian deity banner. They are also called gosagi, or ritual banner, because they serve as sacred entities that embody deities in village rituals. When setting out for a catch, the boat owner raises the boat banner by t
Korean Folk Beliefs -
Burning of Sacred Text
소지 ( 燒紙 , Soji )
Soji is the burning of a sacred text, written on mulberry paper and torn into a designated size, a religious act performed to purify a secular venue into a sacred one (jeonghwa) or to make a wish. Soji is categorized into dongminsoji, which involves a villager; daedongsoji, held for the entire village; umasoji, carried out for the proliferation of cattle and horses; and gakseongbajisoji, which involves individuals of different family names. In a Confucian rite, the sheet containing the prayer te
Korean Folk Beliefs
